Journal: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII

Article Title: TGF-β3 promotes vascular normalization of prostate cancer to potentiate immunotherapy and chemotherapy

doi: 10.1007/s00262-025-04103-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: TGF-β3 expression is correlated with clinicopathological features in PCa. A , B Representative images of IHC analysis with anti-TGF-β1 and anti-TGF-β3 antibodies on PCa tissue sections ( n = 12, n = 5). C – E Statistical analysis of TGF-β1/TGF-β3 IHC scores in PCa and corresponding adjacent tissues. F Representative images of IHC analysis with anti-TGF-β3 antibodies on PCa TMA tissue sections ( n = 84). G , H Statistical analysis of TGF-β3 IHC scores on different Gleason scores within PCa sections and adjacent tissues, and Pearson correlations analysis between TGF-β3 expression and Gleason scores. I , J Statistical analysis of TGF-β3 expression between different pathological T stage PCa and adjacent tissues, and Pearson correlations analysis between TGF-β3 expression and pathological T stage ( n = 495). Values are shown as mean ± SD. p values, * < 0.05; ** < 0.01; *** < 0.001; **** < 0.0001; ns, non-significant

Article Snippet: TGF-β3 expression was detected with an anti-TGF-β3 antibody (18,942-1-AP, Proteintech, USA).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII

Article Title: TGF-β3 promotes vascular normalization of prostate cancer to potentiate immunotherapy and chemotherapy

doi: 10.1007/s00262-025-04103-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: TGF-β3 delays tumor growth in mice. A The flow of the animal experiment. B At the end of the experiment, tumors were dissected and photographed. C , D The size of the tumors and the weight of mice were monitored every 2 days ( n = 6). E The CCK-8 assay was performed in RM-1 cells with different TGF-β3 concentrations in vitro ( n = 6). F , G ) The migration and invasion assays were conducted in RM-1 cells with different TGF-β3 concentrations in vitro ( n = 5). Values are shown as mean ± SD. p values, * < 0.05; ** < 0.01; ns, non-significant

Article Snippet: TGF-β3 expression was detected with an anti-TGF-β3 antibody (18,942-1-AP, Proteintech, USA).

Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, In Vitro, Migration

Journal: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII

Article Title: TGF-β3 promotes vascular normalization of prostate cancer to potentiate immunotherapy and chemotherapy

doi: 10.1007/s00262-025-04103-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: TGF-β3 induces vascular normalization in PCa. A The DEGs in the transcriptome sequencing were analyzed by GO functional enrichment analysis ( n = 5). B , C Tumor vasculature was observed by immunohistochemical staining of CD31 in tumor sections. There was no difference in the number of blood vessels ( n = 7). D Tube formation experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of TGF-β3 on angiogenesis. E , F Semi-quantitative analysis of tube length and branch points ( n = 5, black and red represent the comparisons with negative control and VEGFA groups, respectively). G – I , K – M Representative images and comparisons of hypoxic area, NG2 + pericytes coverage, and COL4 + basement membrane coverage ( n = 5). ( J , N ) Representative images of Evans blue leakage and the difference between TGF-β3 and PBS groups ( n = 5). Values are shown as mean ± SD. p values, * < 0.05; ** < 0.01; *** < 0.001; **** < 0.0001; ns, non-significant

Article Snippet: TGF-β3 expression was detected with an anti-TGF-β3 antibody (18,942-1-AP, Proteintech, USA).

Techniques: Sequencing, Functional Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Negative Control, Membrane

Journal: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII

Article Title: TGF-β3 promotes vascular normalization of prostate cancer to potentiate immunotherapy and chemotherapy

doi: 10.1007/s00262-025-04103-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: TGF-β3 promotes the CD8 + T cell infiltration by increasing the expression of adhesion molecules. A – F Representative images and comparisons of ICAM1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin ( n = 3). G – J Multiplex immunofluorescent labeling of specific markers in tumor microenvironment. CD8 (CD8 + T cell), FOXP3 (Treg), F4/80 (macrophage). The increased infiltration of CD8 + T cell was observed ( n = 6). K , L Flow cytometry analysis of CD3 + CD8 + T cells in PCa tissues. M The flow of the animal experiment. N At the end of the experiment, tumors were dissected and photographed. O , P The size of the tumors and the weight of mice were monitored every 2 days ( n = 6). Values are shown as mean ± SD. p values, * < 0.05; ** < 0.01; *** < 0.001; **** < 0.0001; ns, non-significant

Article Snippet: TGF-β3 expression was detected with an anti-TGF-β3 antibody (18,942-1-AP, Proteintech, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Multiplex Assay, Labeling, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII

Article Title: TGF-β3 promotes vascular normalization of prostate cancer to potentiate immunotherapy and chemotherapy

doi: 10.1007/s00262-025-04103-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: TGF-β3 improves the efficacy of chemotherapy. A , E The flow of the animal experiment. B , F At the end of the experiment, tumors were dissected and photographed. C , D , G , H The size of the tumors and the weight of mice were monitored regularly ( n = 6). I – L ) Representative images of CY3-labeled PTX diffusion and the difference between TGF-β3 plus PTX and PTX groups ( n = 3). Values are shown as mean ± SD. p values, * < 0.05; ** < 0.01; *** < 0.001; ns, non-significant

Article Snippet: TGF-β3 expression was detected with an anti-TGF-β3 antibody (18,942-1-AP, Proteintech, USA).

Techniques: Labeling, Diffusion-based Assay

Journal: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII

Article Title: TGF-β3 promotes vascular normalization of prostate cancer to potentiate immunotherapy and chemotherapy

doi: 10.1007/s00262-025-04103-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: The mechanism diagram of tumor vascular normalization by TGF-β3 in PCa

Article Snippet: TGF-β3 expression was detected with an anti-TGF-β3 antibody (18,942-1-AP, Proteintech, USA).

Techniques: